多种特殊状态下关节软骨缺损修复的组织工程技术

文题释义： 生长板：是位于儿童长骨末端的软骨组织结构,生长板中的软骨细胞可不断增生、成熟、肥大并发生骨化过程,使长骨增长。当长骨生长至一定程度,生长板软骨逐渐被成熟骨组织取代,长骨至此也停止生长。 特殊状态：文章提及的特殊状态即指关节软骨缺损的临床治疗中常见的阻碍因素,即全层软骨缺损及骨软骨缺损、生长板缺损、负重区软骨缺损、炎症状态下(骨性关节炎、风湿性关节炎)的软骨缺损。 背景：应用组织工程学技术可获得良好的关节软骨再生,但多为生理状态下小面积缺损的单纯修复。然而临床上的软骨缺损常伴随骨性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎等基础疾病,且缺损的位置、范围、深度均不确定,给软骨组织修复带来了很大挑战。 目的：总结不同位置和炎症状态下软骨缺损的修复方式。 方法：检索PubMed数据库和CNKI数据库,英文检索词为“cartilage defect regeneration,osteochondral,growth plate,weight-bearing area,inflammatory”,中文检索词为“关节软骨缺损,骨软骨,生长板,负重区,炎症”,检索建库至2019年3月发表的相关文献。共检索到相关文献209篇,按照纳入与排除标准,最终纳入86篇文献进行总结。 结果与结论：针对各种特殊状态下的关节软骨缺损,其修复目标和策略是不同的：全层软骨和骨软骨结构缺损多采用具有多层结构的支架,旨在修复软骨特有的分层结构及软骨下骨结构,同时避免新生软骨内异位骨化的问题;生长板缺损的修复关键在于避免长骨成熟后发生畸形,因此在修复支架内应添加胰岛素样生长因子、骨发生形态蛋白7等生长因子,以持续刺激生长板的修复并发挥骨生长的生理功能;负重区软骨修复则需要修复支架具有良好的力学性能,负重时不会发生严重形变及结构破坏,同时新生的软骨组织具有足够的力学强度以支撑持续的纵向压力和磨损;炎症状态下的软骨缺损则要同时治疗炎症与软骨缺损,间充质干细胞的引入可同时发挥免疫调节及组织再生功能,以使疾病达到彻底治疗的目标。ORCID: 0000-0001-9443-8158(陈劲松) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

2364名高中学生焦虑抑郁情绪的调查

目的：了解高中学生抑郁、焦虑状态的发生率及相关因素。方法：对2 364名高中学生采用Zung焦虑状态自评量表（SAS）和抑郁状态自评量表（SDS）进行评定。结果：抑郁状态的发生率为14.29%,焦虑状态的发生率为5.10%。抑郁和焦虑状态的发生率与性别、年级及是否独生子女无关;父亲文化程度及母亲文化程度与SDS评分显著正相关。结论：高中学生的情绪问题不容忽视。     

Long-term Results of Primary Hip Arthroplasty with Cup Inclination Angle Bigger than Fifty Degrees

Background

Most of studies suggest the cup inclination angle is controversial. All of the studies previous have not control the prosthesis type and head diameter, it is difficult to determine relative or synergistic effects of cup angle.

脱氧核苷酸钠联合舒肝宁注射液治疗肝损害的临床疗效观察

目的观察脱氧核苷酸钠联合舒肝宁注射液治疗肝损害的疗效,为临床用药提供参考。方法选择肝损害患者90例,随机分为两组,均给予静脉注射脱氧核苷酸钠,观察组患者在此基础上给予静脉注射舒肝宁。观察治疗前后两组患者肝功能指标的变化,并比较治疗期间两组患者不良反应发生率的差异。结果经治疗后,两组患者肝功能等指标均较治疗前有所下降,与对照组比较,观察组改善程度明显较大。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义。结论采用脱氧核苷酸钠联合舒肝宁注射液治疗肝损害疗效确切,且不会增加不良反应,值得推广应用。     

Management of thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament combined with ossification of the ligamentum flavum—a retrospective study

Background contextOssification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) or ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is being increasingly recognized as a cause of thoracic myelopathy and is relatively common in the Japanese population and literature. However, no series of OPLL combined with OLF has been previously published. Many different surgical procedures have been used for the treatment of thoracic OPLL or OLF. However, the possibility of postoperative paraplegia remains a major risk, and consistent protocols and procedures for surgical treatment of thoracic OPLL combined with OLF have also not been established.PurposeTo compare the effect of thoracic myelopathy treatment and safety of posterior decompression with or without instrumented fusion and circumferential spinal cord decompression via a posterior approach in Chinese patients of OPLL combined with OLF at a single institution.Study designThis retrospective clinical study of 31 cases was conducted to investigate the clinical outcomes of three kinds of surgical procedures for thoracic myelopathy caused by OPLL combined with OLF in Chinese population.Patient sampleProcedure was performed in 31 patients.Outcome measuresNeurologic status was evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and Hirabayashi recovery rate before and after surgery.MethodsA total of 31 patients who underwent surgery for thoracic OPLL combined with OLF were classified into three groups: posterior decompression group (13 patients); circumferential decompression group (seven patients), which included four who underwent extirpation and the other three underwent the floating procedure; and posterior decompression and fusion group (11 patients), all of whom underwent laminectomy with posterior instrumented fusion. In each group, JOA score was used to evaluate thoracic myelopathy, and Hirabayashi recovery rate was calculated 1 year after surgery and at final examination.ResultsMean recovery rate at the final follow-up was 46.5% in the posterior decompression group, 65.1% in the circumferential decompression group, and 62.7% in the posterior decompression and fusion group. Postoperative paralysis occurred in three patients in the posterior decompression group, one in the circumferential decompression group, and one in the posterior decompression and fusion group. In the circumferential decompression group, leakage of cerebrospinal fluid occurred in four patients. Urinary tract infection occurred in two patients, and superficial wound disruption occurred in one patient. Late neurologic deterioration occurred in four patients in the posterior decompression group. There were no cases of postoperative paralysis or late neurologic deterioration in the posterior decompression and fusion group.ConclusionsThoracic OPLL combined with OLF is an uncommon cause of myelopathy in the Chinese population. It can present acutely after minor trauma. A considerable degree of neurologic recovery was obtained by posterior decompression with instrumented fusion, despite the anterior impingement of the spinal cord by the remaining OPLL. In addition, the rate of postoperative complications was low with this procedure. We consider that one-stage posterior decompression and instrumented fusion be selected for patients in whom the spinal cord is severely damaged before surgery and/or when circumferential decompression is associated with an increased risk.     

Efficacies of extracorporeal shockwave therapy and low-level laser therapy in patients with plantar fasciitis

BackgroundVarious conservative treatment methods can be administered in the early stages of plantar fasciitis (PF). The aim of the treatment is to enable the patient to return to the physical activity as soon as possible.AimIn this study it was aimed to compare efficacies of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT) and Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on patients with PF.DesignA local prospective cross-sectional studySettingDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic of Sakarya University, Faculty of MedicinePopulationPatients aged 18–70 years, having ongoing heel pain for at least 3 months, and not using oral and/or parenteral corticosteroids in the last 6 months.MethodsA total of 40 patients with PF included in the current study. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Roles and Maudsley Score (RMS), American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Association Score (AOFAS) and Foot Function Index (FFI) questionnaire were performed for all patients. ESWT and LLLT groups comprised of 22 (55%) and 18 (45%) patients, respectively.ResultsWe found significant improvements in scores based on the VAS, RMS, AOFAS, FFI in patients with PF and it was sustained for 3 months (p = 0.001, for all scores). While decrease in scores based on the VAS and FFI in LLLT group was statistically more significant compared to ESWT group (p = 0.014, p = 0.013), there was statistically less significant decrease in scores on the AOFAS in LLLT group than that of ESWT group (p = 0.032).ConclusionsThe results of this study indicated significant improvements in terms of pain, functional status and daily life activities following the administration of either of the treatments. Furthermore, LLLT was found to be significantly more effective for alleviating pain than ESWT in the treatment of PF.     

Does a shorter residual first metatarsal length after first ray amputation in diabetic patients leads to poorer outcomes – A risk factor study

BackgroundThe first ray plays a vital role in the normal function of the foot and the gait cycle where in its absence can lead to abnormal changes in weight distribution to the residual first metatarsal stump and lesser metatarsals with predisposition to developing lesser toe deformities reulcerations and reamputations particularly in diabetic patients. This study aims to characterise the outcomes after first ray amputation and its associated risk factors with focus on the impact of residual first metatarsal length.MethodsAll diabetic patients with first ray amputations from January 2012 to December 2016 were reviewed. Residual first metatarsal length was measured using postoperative radiographs. Risk factors for outcomes such as readmission, reulceration and/or reamputation, transfer ulceration and/or amputation of lesser toes, proximal amputations, ulcer-free duration (UFD) and mortality were analysed using bivariate logistic/linear regression followed by multiple logistic/linear regression models adjusting for confounding factors.ResultsAmong 89 patients with first ray amputations, 65.3 % needed readmission for further treatment. Although only 10.1 % had reulceration at the first ray which all led to reamputation, there were 56.2 % with transfer ulceration and 40.4 % with transfer amputation of the lesser toes in this cohort. The prevalence of transmetatarsal amputation was 18 % and proximal amputations at 12.4 % while the average UFD was 27 months. Mortality rate was 31.5 % with an average of 3-year survival. Preservation of the first metatarsal length via metatarsophalangeal joint disarticulation independently reduced likelihood of readmissions and residual metatarsal length of > one third when compared to < one third after first ray amputations had lower likelihood of transfer amputation of lesser toes.ConclusionFirst ray amputation in diabetic patients leads to significant morbidities and mortality. Preservation of the residual first metatarsal length independently reduced the likelihood of readmissions and transfer amputation to the lesser toes.